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OSI Model

Open Systems Interconnection Model

  • Developed by ISO to form a standard model for computer networks

Layers of OSI Model

It has 7 layers, which are as follows from top to bottom:

Application Layer

  • End User Layer, where applications access the network services
  • e.g: HTTP, FTP, IRC, SSH, DNS

Presentation Layer

  • Where the data format specification and encryption are performed
  • e.g: SSL, SSH, IMAP, FTP, MPEG, JPEG

Session Layer

  • Maintains connections and controls ports
  • e.g: APIs, Sockets, WinSock

Transport Layer

  • E2E data transmission
  • e.g: TCP, UDP

Network Layer

  • Physical path of data
  • e.g: IP, ICMP, IPSec, IGMP
  • Defines format of data in the network
  • e.g: Ethernet, PPP, Switch, Bridge

Physical Layer

  • Transmits raw bit stream over the physical medium
  • e.g: Coax, Fiber, Wireless, Hubs, Repeaters
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